Preparing an FSS or Financial Statement Essay Sample

Preparing an FSS or Financial Statement Essay SampleAn FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample can be downloaded, but the type of program to use is not always clear. To ensure that you will be able to write your FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample without any hassles, it is best to purchase a program from a site that offers prompt help.The essay is an essential part of the process of preparing for a financial statement on your taxes. A thorough understanding of accounting principles is required in order to prepare a financial statement correctly.An FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample can be downloaded for free, but you will need to pay a small fee if you are going to get prompt help in creating the financial statement. A great way to save money is to learn about programs online that offer quick and easy assistance in preparing an FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample.The FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample allows you to apply what you have learned from the format and th e steps. Once you are confident with the format and the guidelines that the sample allows you to follow, you will be ready to write your own FSS or Financial Statement Essay.When preparing an FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample, it is important to pay attention to the punctuation of each paragraph. The capital letter and lower case letters, and even the single-digit number should be marked carefully. It is important to use a formula of your own or to have someone else's formula, in order to ensure the correct use of punctuation.It is recommended that you take a look at the financial statement in its entirety before actually writing the FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample. This way, you will be able to make sure that there are no typos or errors in the financial statement. Additionally, it will give you a chance to understand each of the paragraphs properly.It is also important to note that the format and steps used in the financial statement sample, should be adapted to suit your own experience level. The steps are very basic and should be easily adaptable to your own personal situation. You should feel free to customize the FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample as well.Keep in mind that learning to use a FSS or Financial Statement Essay sample will help you in your overall life and gives you a way to share your knowledge with others. As you learn the various formats, you will be able to take that knowledge and apply it to different situations.

College Papers Wrote On Racism In America

College Papers Wrote On Racism In AmericaYou might be wondering what exactly this is that you can do with your college papers written on racism in America. If you want to know how you can benefit from studying this subject matter, then you will definitely find these tips interesting.If you are a student in the United States of America, chances are you have been affected by racist behavior and actions in the past. For you to understand why this has happened, you should realize that the root cause of racist behavior lies in the American culture. The United States is often referred to as the melting pot of the world and this is true for many different groups. While other countries have their own cultures and they are different from each other, the United States of America has always been viewed as one of the most multicultural countries in the world.People from many different ethnic groups have built this country together and this has also made the US the most diverse nation in the worl d. However, this has also meant that there is also racism in this country. Therefore, if you want to really understand the roots of racism in America, then you need to look into the history of the country. This can actually be quite a difficult subject to study, but it can also be an extremely interesting one if you are prepared for it.Most of us, if not all of us, are likely to have heard the words 'Jim Crow' when we hear the word racism in America. Jim Crow was actually a series of laws that were imposed on African Americans to make them act in a certain way and to not have the same rights as white people. There were so many reasons that this happened, but the most important one was to get rid of those who did not share in the same rights as the majority of the people.Racism is often like this and it's often just as strong. It comes in all shapes and sizes and at times it can actually affect the person who's the victim of it. Racism has always been a big problem in this country an d it's important that you are ready to combat it when it comes your way. Understanding the history of the country is something that will help you understand the origin of the current state of racism in America.This is a very important part of your study of the subject. You will need to understand how it came about and what caused it to happen. You will also need to understand how you can combat this racism and make this place the best place for you to live. When you can take all of this information and put it into action, then you will definitely be doing the right thing.When you have finished reading college papers written on racism in America, you will be one step closer to understanding how racism affects different people in this country. This will be especially helpful if you need to write a job application. However, even if you are not writing a job application, knowing this can help you see more clearly the ways in which you can combat this type of behavior.Racism in the Unite d States is not new or unique to this country. It is really an old and troubled issue, and it has been going on for as long as there have been humans on the planet. There are so many different issues that this subject can affect, so make sure that you know the true and accurate information before diving in.

Outline Paper Example Guide

Outline Paper Example Guide The Appeal of Outline Paper Example When choosing for a topic, make certain there is a good number of things that you are able to chat about with the topic. There are three more parts of information that you need to be mindful of when it has to do with the format of a check. If you don't have a very good template or outline structure, there are tons of good alternatives available throughout the net, so look there! There are plenty of reasons that you might want to compose a check. Given an essay is a lengthy bit of writing condensing into a 5 page structure is a powerful means to ensure it is comprehensive. To put it in simpler terms, the outline is extremely much dependent on this issue and the kind of question you're requested to respond about. Also, outlines should have several headings. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work punctually. The very first thing you ought to do after being assigned the endeavor is brainstorming. When you've already decided what topic you'll be writing about, the following thing you need to pay attention to is the reach of your paper or what you'll be including in your discussion. On the flip side, there isn't anything wrong with getting assistance from an excellent consultant on the right outline format. A reflective paper isn't your private diary. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching de adline. Basically, the sections of an essay proved just 3 divisions. Before starting an essay, it is necessary to understand what you're writing for. The True Meaning of Outline Paper Example Essay outlines shows you that even if you aren't an expert writer, you are still able to make a great essay. Reflection papers are a breeze to write when you get the hang of it. Outline might be final or draft. Outlines can also function as a brainstorming tool that can provide you a notion of what things to write about. Therefore it's as vital as you main paper so that you can't take it for granted. Research paper outline examples can be readily found over the web. Research papers are almost always exciting to read. Don't neglect to proofread your paper. What Does Outline Paper Example Mean? For a research paper, several paragraphs are likely required to thoroughly talk about the topic and help show the thesis. You could also state which type of approach it is you will use in your paper for the whole discussion of your topic. Additionally, taking a look at your outline, you are going to be calmer because after splitting your work into several components. To begin, you're going to want a great topic and a strong focus as a way to acquire your paper outline rolling. A complete case of an outline is a great plan that is presented in a research paper. It is a great aid when you are trying to amalgamate and assess the research paper, because it allows you to see certain links between different areas, whilst making sure that you do not repeat yourself. It is important for all types of research papers. A well-made outline is critical in locating considerable info and keeping track of large quantities of information from a research paper. Essays may look very dull sometimes. Writing an outline is a rather effective means to think through how you are going to organize and present the data in your essay. Essay outline acts as a spine for writing essays. Essay outline for college plays an important function. You could also see course outline. You might also see program outline. An outline acts as a plan a person creates to organize his ideas and arguments regarding a paper. An informal outline may also grow to be the foundation for your formal outline. You might also see speech outline. You might also see chapter outline. You could also see sentence outline. You might also see biography outline.

Discourse of Sex and the Creation of Docile Bodies Essay

Discourse of Sex and the Creation of Docile Bodies Subjection is a process that operates in society, and according to sociologist Michel Foucault, can be applied to a multiplicity of discourses. Foucault explains that the beginning of the nineteenth century marked the age of sexual repression and censorship, which became a time of subjection through exerting disciplinary control over a docile population. In his The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how the scientification of sex came about. Specifically, it was an attempt to obtain a uniform truth about sex. However, there is no truth to it, but rather it is merely a vehicle for social control. Foucault distinguishes the discourses of sexuality from the science of†¦show more content†¦Thus, the so-called true discourses concerning sex were based on collective and accepted societal thoughts, how people operated in the world, and what was said to be true. Yet, the views on homosexuality, whether or not they were necessarily or fundamentally true, were merely considered true discourse at the time. Therefore, true discourse at any given time equates to power because when something is said to be true, people tend to act as a collective group as if it is true. Foucault’s theory holds similarities to the Thomas theorem, which claims â€Å"if men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences† (Thomas 1928:571). For example, when we believe that students from low-income families achieve less academically than those from high-income families, the school might devise and implement programs to assist low-income students in order to remedy the â€Å"problem.† Further, cigarettes provide another example of the changes in â€Å"true† discourse because in the past smoking was considered the height of sophistication and cosmopolitanism, but now the discourse on smoking has become highly negative from both a health and social perspective. In this way, what is considered true discourse can dramaticall y change over time, resulting in fundamental changes in society.Show MoreRelatedState s Control Over Sexuality2212 Words   |  9 Pagesaround laws that discriminate against specific groups because of specific features that are claimed to be â€Å"inherent† and â€Å"wrong† pertaining to that specific group that don’t match the normal view of society of a â€Å"good† citizen. Hence, most of the discourse on the subject of oppression has been dedicated to introduction or reform of laws that nullify this oppression and advance the status of those oppressed groups in the name of human rights. This is particularly what Dean Spade refers to as the Victim-PerpetratorRead MoreDiscipline and Punish: a Critical Review. This Is a Summary of Michel Foucaults Seminal Work on the History of Criminal Punishment and Social Discipline as It Transformed from Punitive to Correctional Models During the2913 Words   |  12 Pagespossessed. He explains that power and knowle dge imply one another, as opposed to the common belief that knowledge exists independently of power relations (knowledge is always contextualized in a framework which makes it intelligible, so the humanizing discourse of psychiatry is an expression of the tactics of oppression).[2]  That is, the ground of the game of power isnt won by liberation, because liberation already exists as a facet of subjection. The man described for us, whom we are invited to freeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand population growth, the expansion of industrial production and global markets, the spread of wage labor, the growth and extraction of food and resources to feed those workers, the revolution of transportation technologies, and the accompanying creation of an international system of nation states, borders, and population management techniques. Cities were the epicenter of this world in transformation, and one of the main magnets for migrants. In 1800, 6 million people lived in the largest ten

Switched Based Real Time Networked Control -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Switched Based Real Time Networked Control? Answer: Introducation The project titled Internal Chat Server Development in an Organization had been formed for developing a chat application for the organization and it would be helpful for implementing the faster communication in the network of operations (Li Lee, 2016). The development of the project would be formed for analysing the intranet chat box in the organization. The description of the project consists of justification of the project, project goals, and justification of project milestones. The following sections would explain these parts, Justification of the project The project would be developed for integrating the improved services in the organization and develop the active use of communication within the network connection of the organization. According to Dionio (2015), the project would help for increasing the process of the implementing the effective communication and formation of the improved processing and integration of the communication. The employees of the organization would be able to convey the messages faster to the required person. The network connection for the chat would help in decreasing the probability of delay of operations and it would significantly involve the management of the effective communication. The communication of the organization is required for managing the operations, implementing the functions, analysing the accurate system integration, and form the cohesive deployment of the project operations. The analysis of the project would be based for the development of the integrated project analyst and it would invol ve the management of the system functions (Hilliard et al., 2014). The intranet communication would help in forming the effective and improved operations by communicating the requirements of the project and develop the effective flow of operations. Project Goals The goals of the project involve the development of the project for integrating the communication and forming the improved operations in the organization. The project would be developed for integrating the improved services in the organization and develop the active use of communication within the network connection of the organization. The project would help for increasing the process of the implementing the effective communication and formation of the improved processing and integration of the communication. The goals of the project are, Development of the Effective Communication System: The effective communication system would be implied for forming the involvement of the processes. The communication system would be helpful for forming the development of the improved functional analysis. The project would help for increasing the process of the implementing the effective communication and formation of the improved processing and integration of the communication. Design and Implement an Intranet Chat System: The project aims for designing an intranet chat system for the organization. It would help in improving the communication within the organization and team members. The network connection for the chat would help in decreasing the probability of delay of operations and it would significantly involve the management of the effective communication. Improve the Operations of the Organization: The improvement of the project operations are another important feature for integrating the development of the project in involving the support integration of the process. The project would be developed for integrating the improved services in the organization and develop the active use of communication within the network connection of the organization. Justification of project milestones The project would be developed for involving the integration of the project and it would comprise of the formation of the effective communication process. Internal Chat Server Development in an Organization project had been formed for developing a chat application for the organization and it would be helpful for implementing the faster communication in the network of operations. The project milestones are given in the table below, Milestone Timeline Justification Application System Design 25 days The designing of the application would be formed for developing a proper design in the development of the system integration of the operations. The analysis of the system design would be developed for interacting with the production and development. The analysis of the project would be formed for interacting with the development of the operations. Development of User Interface 18 days The development of the user interface would be formed for analysing the development of the interface for the users. The analysis of the user interface design would be developed for interacting with the production and development. The analysis of the project would be formed for interacting with the development of the operations. Integrating design and interface 17 days The integration of the design would be formed for developing the analysis of the approved processing. The analysis of the system design and its integration with the user interface would be developed for interacting with the production and development. The analysis of the project would be formed for interacting with the development of the operations. Developing the application programming 14 days The development of the application from the programming would be formed in involving the development of the operations. The application programming would be done for supplementary development of the operations. The analysis of the system design would be developed for interacting with the production and development. The analysis of the project would be formed for interacting with the development of the operations. Table 1: Project Milestone with Justification Project scope of the full final-release The scope of the project is formed for the development of the integration and formation of the operations and evolvement of the operations for the development. The analysis of the project would form the system analysis and it would form the development of the system analysis and process. The integration of the project would form the analysis of the improvement structure for analysis of the project of implementing the development of the program and development (Zhang et al., 2014). The final release of the application would be done after realizing the effective communication in the organization. The scope of the project for the full and final release of the application in the network server of the organization would include the alignment of the specific milestone of the project. The designing of the application would be formed for developing a proper design in the development of the system integration of the operations. The analysis of the system design would be developed for interact ing with the production and development. The development of the user interface would be formed for analysing the development of the interface for the users. The analysis of the user interface design would be developed for interacting with the production and development. The integration of the design would be formed for developing the analysis of the approved processing. The analysis of the system design and its integration with the user interface would be developed for interacting with the production and development (Karabey Akman, 2016). The development of the application from the programming would be formed in involving the development of the operations. The application programming would be done for supplementary development of the operations. The reconciliation of the venture would shape the investigation of the change structure for examination of the task of executing the improvement of the program and advancement. The last arrival of the application would be done subsequent to understanding the viable correspondence in the association. The extent of the task for the full and last arrival of the application in the system server of the association would incorporate the arrangement of the particular turning point of the undertaking. The outlining of the application would be framed for building up an appropriate plan in the advancement of the framework coordination of the operations. The examination of the framework configuration would be created for associating with the generation and improvement. The improvement of the UI would be framed for examining the advancement of the interface for the clients (Chernyi, 2015). The investigation of the UI configuration would be created for connecting with the generation and improvement. Project client signed to the scopes of the alpha-release and the final-release Internal Chat Server Development in an Organization project had been formed for developing a chat application for the organization and it would be helpful for implementing the faster communication in the network of operations. Approval of the Project Scope Statement The scopes of the alpha-release and the final-release of the application that is agreed by the project client are, To develop an effective communication system in the organization for forming the faster communication and effective transfer of the messages and information To design and implement an intranet chat system for increasing the efficiency of information and development of the functions of organization To improve the operations of the organization by increasing the ability of data and information transfer and it would help in increasing the overall performance of the organization Approved by: Ray Charon Ray Charon Managing Director _______Organization Email: To: project manager@---mail.com Subject: Approval of the project scopes for alpha-release and the final-release of the application Hi John, I would like to state that I am attaching the signed document of Approval of the Project Scope Statement for project of Development of Internal Chat Server Application for the organization. Hope that the project would be successful one and bring the benefits to the organization as pointed by you. Regards Ray Charon Managing Director _______Organization Project development and release ICT infrastructure The project development and release of the ICT infrastructure of the Internal Chat Server Application for the organization would be developed by using the effective designing and development procedure. The application designing would be developed by following the Agile software development methodology. The Agile methodology would involve the testing and reviewing of the application before releasing the application for clients use (Bibinagar Kim, 2013). The release of the application for chat server application by the use of the project tools for testing and development, configuration management, and work flow diagram for the application developed. Configuration Management The configuration management of the Internal Chat Server Application would be done by using the Netbeans IDE and Java Programming (Dalesio, 2015). The two tier architecture would be helpful for the configuration of the application and it would involve the use of the client for 1st tier and server for 2nd tier. The two tier application would be helpful for integrating the structure of the operations and develop the effective control of the operations. The application would be developed by the use of the two tier architecture. The following diagram would show the two tier architecture for the chat application, Figure 1: Two tier Architecture for the Chat Application (Source: Abba et al., 2013, pp-162) Project tools The project tools would be developed for forming the occasional update of the project scenario and carry on the development of the project operations. The Internal Chat Server Application would be developed by using the Netbeans IDE and Java Programming (Gade Vaidya, 2016). The project tools would help in encasing the successful completion of the project operations. The required project tools for the development of the Internal Chat Server Application are dedicated computer server, network operating system, centralized data backup system, LAN network security, TCP/IP protocol and Unified RUP. The Unified RUP would include the phases of inception, elaboration, construction, and transition which is helpful for the development of the improved environment of the application development of internal chat server application for the organization by using Intranet. Testing The testing of the system is done by following the client user testing and the functional testing under controlled environment. The connection of the client server can be done by using the trial and error method. A screenshot of the trial and error testing is given below for the sample, Figure 2: Trial and Error Phase 1 (Source: Abba et al., 2013, pp-159) Figure 3: Trial and Error Phase 2 (Source: Abba et al., 2013, pp-159) Work Flow Diagram for proposed ICT solution The following diagrams are being made for depicting the work flow and the user interface diagram for the Internal Chat Server Application in the organization, Figure 5: User Interface for the Internal Chat Server Application (Source: Created by the author in Ms-Visio) References Abba, I., Cruz, M., Eaganathan, U., Gabriel, J. (2013). DEVELOPMENT OF LAN CHAT MESSENGER (LCM) USING RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS (RUP) METHODOLOGY WITH OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.Proceeding Of The International Conference On Artificial Intelligence In Computer Science And ICT, 157-165. Azeta, A. A., Omoregbe, N. A., Oluranti, J., Bello, O. A. (2015). AN INTRANET PORTAL FOR A LEARNING INSTITUTION. Bibinagar, N., Kim, W. J. (2013). Switched Ethernet-based real-time networked control system with multiple-clientserver architecture.IEEE/ASME transactions on Mechatronics,18(1), 104-112. Chernyi, S. (2015). The implementation of technology of multi-user client-server applications for systems of decision making support.Metallurgical Mining Industry, (3). Dalesio, L. (2015).A Client/Server Architecture for Supporting Science Data Using EPICS Version 4(No. DE--SC0007551). EPIC Consulting, Jacksonville, FL (United States). Dionio, R. L. (2015). A Prototype Intranet-Based Instant Messenger at Capiz State University, Mambusao Campus, Mambusao, Capiz, Philippines.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Gade, S., Vaidya, N. H. (2016). Distributed optimization for client-server architecture with negative gradient weights.arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.03866. Hilliard, M. E., Hahn, A., Ridge, A. K., Eakin, M. N., Riekert, K. A. (2014). User preferences and design recommendations for an mHealth app to promote cystic fibrosis self-management.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,2(4). Karabey, I., Akman, G. (2016, December). A cryptographic approach for secure client-server chat application using public key infrastructure (PKI). InInternet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2016 11th International Conference for(pp. 442-446). IEEE. Li, Y., Lee, J. (2016). A Study on the Sustainable Using Intention of Smart Phone Messenger APP by Users Satisfaction : Focused on We chat.The E-Business Studies,17(3), 147. https://dx.doi.org/10.20462/tebs.2016.06.17.3.147 Mikowski, M. S., Powell, J. C. (2013). Single page web applications.B and W. Zhang, L., Afanasyev, A., Burke, J., Jacobson, V., Crowley, P., Papadopoulos, C., ... Zhang, B. (2014). Named data networking.ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,44(3), 66-73.

Abigail Williams Analysis - The Crucible free essay sample

Abigail Williams, the antagonist of The Crucible is a manipulative, selfish liar. The Salem witchcraft trials were used as a platform for revenge and sent a lot of innocent people to the gallows. Arthur Miller uses this historically fictional story to expose the corruption of the trials. Abigail Williams uses the vulnerability of the town to get revenge on people who have done her wrong. Abigail seems to think she has a high level of maturity and can do whatever she wants. She has an affair with John Proctor, the protagonist, while she was his housekeeper. Elizabeth, John’s wife, fired Abigail because of this. Abigail, vengeful, convinces her slave, Tituba, to put a curse on Elizabeth so John could be all hers. She even goes and begs John to leave Elizabeth. John ensures it was one time thing, never to happen again. This sends Abigail on a passion-fueled spree, doing whatever it takes to get Elizabeth out of the picture. We will write a custom essay sample on Abigail Williams Analysis The Crucible or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Abigail always has a different version of the truth, and is able to convince everyone else that her version is right.Abigail Williams is manipulative and needs everything to go her way. In a desperate attempt to save herself from embarrassment, she threaten to any girl that will tell the minister the truth, instead of the story they discussed. Mary Warren tries to convince Abigail to just tell the truth, saying, â€Å"[w]e must tell the truth, Abby! You’ll only be whipped for dancin’, and the other things!† (Miller 18) Abigail, just like her uncle, is not willing to risk her reputation. To make sure the other girls dont threaten her pure image, she tells them, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word about other things , and i will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you.† (Miller 19) When she is on the brink of getting caught, she cleverly manages to distract the town and place blame on Tituba and several other Salem women.

Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Example

Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Example Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Conflict theory primarily argues that it is the economic system of capitalism itself that produces crime however, in order to understand the causes of corporate crime, the neoliberal framework and its utilization must be examined. Neoliberalism accords the state not to intervene or regulate the market, and in effect produces inequality but most importantly crime. Criminal acts are committed by the elites that are following the core of the neoliberal doctrine which is maximizing profits while minimizing costs. Corporate crimes are committed by executives or executive officers n behalf of corporations to further their own interests or the interest of the organizations. These crimes can result in harming the working class which may consist of employees, consumers, stockholders, or the general public (Snider, 2005; pg 170). These crimes vary from marketing unsafe products, maintaining unsafe workplaces, defrauding workers, environmental pollution, price fixing, anti-trust violations and other malpractices (Passas, 2005; pg 773). The analysis and understandings of the causes to corporate crime is crucial to Criminology because it costs society severely and entails; physical costs, financial costs, environmental amage, undermines the democratic system and undermines economic growth. However, these crimes remain unpunished because neoliberal knowledge claims allow these acts to remain invisible, unregulated, neutralized, difficult to prosecute, ambiguous in the law and in criminal status and have a lack of responsibility. Marxism hypothesizes that society is structured based upon the relationship of people to the production of material goods. In other words, those who own the means of production also control the works, politicians as well as the development of criminal and economic law. Following the Marxist perception, this essay will argue that corporate crime is not caused but rather it is a by-product of the neoliberal framework elites govern society by. THE POWER OF THE NEOLIBEARL DOCTRINE To begin with, the neoliberal framework was designed to benefit individuals and organizations of elite status which allowed them to gain independence and power from the state. This then allows them to engage in criminal activites and Justify them as responding to competitive forces from the market. Neoliberalism accords the government an active role in securing and producing the conditions for the market ut disagrees strongly with government intervention Codi, 2008; pg 67), which means the markets must be set free to follow their internal logic which is profit. This means that in order to cut costs; the most inexpensive means may be an illegal means. Key elites in the New World economy have invested billions of dollars, reputations and the power of nation states in obtaining certain interpretations (of laws, issues, scientific data) accepted and others rejected these claims are called neoliberal knowledge claims (Snider, 2005; pg 181). Furthermore, they push for certain nterpretation of laws of how to govern the market in accordance with the neoliberal privileges in a number of ways. For example, interpreting scientific data in ways that prove genetically engineered plants are safe, is worth a trillion dollars to the transnational companies that hold the patents on this genetic material and to the nation-states which grantee their legitimacy (Snider, 2005; pg 181). On the other hand, inequality is more closely related to the acceptance of the neoliberal ideology and its allied ideology of globalization; for instance, employees frightened of losing heir Jobs to third world works are more likely to accept lower wage Jobs, unsafe work conditions and higher levels of exploitation (Snider, 2004; pg 266). The neoliberal framework (that encourages pro-business behaviour) allows corporations to utilize whatever means possible in order to maximize profits which may result in exploiting the working class in a countless number of ways; from inducing them to consume harmful products to forcing them to succumb to unsafe working conditions. This result in a conflict between the culture of competition and ethical standards however, orporations are not like humans they are artificial legal entities with perpetual life chartered by the government for their existence (Nadar, 2004; pg 8). Corporations have achieved a status where they have all constitutional rights that people have except the right against self-incrimination. Corporations engage in criminal activites on a number of different levels that harm and affect the general public however, the public for the most part remains unaware of these activites because these elites invest in hiding the truth which thereby renders their actions invisible. THE INVISBALITY OF COPRORATE CRIME Secondly, Marxists argue that is it the connected ability of the powerful to manipulate values of society which is why corporate crimes are rendered invisible. Academics find it difficult to analyze corporate crime because large scale survey data is not available so researchers have to rely on non-objective crime statistics collected by impartial government agencies such as StatsCan or the Home Office which usually yield tiny samples (Snider, 2005; pg 186). Corporations do not want sociologist investigating their business practises, unlike traditional offenders they have the ability to resist such incursions. On the other hand, the Justice department for the most part has an inadequate budget for investigated let alone prosecuting corporate crimes. Police agencies cannot keep up with the geographic bounders of victimization, the mobility of the offenders and the complexities of the crimes because they usually involve investigating and prosecuting at the same time and also extensive knowledge of the corporate infrastructure which policing agencies, for a reason, are not equipped for (Schlegel et al. 1999; pg 15). According to Marxism, the law is developed and implemented by the elites to control the working class and rime is a product of class-based inequality, the policing agencies are funded by the government which are heavily influenced by the elites therefore, conflict theory asserts that criminal law is designed to target the working class in order to protect the interests of the elites. Conversely, unlike street crime there is a general lack of media attention with regards to corporate Wrongdoings however, in the rare instance that these cases are nature (Williams, 2008; pg 474) these are neutralizations, which purposely overlooking their status as crimes. Business culture from the neoliberal framework ot only provides incentives to engage in illicit activites but also contains justifications that can be used to neutralize ethical restraints; this is part of the neoliberal knowledge claims. For instance, when corporate Wrongdoings do surface to the publics attention they are quickly neutralized as accidents, isolated episodes, bad apples or voluntary consent. Accidents are portrayed as unintended, unanticipated and unavoidable events that could not be reasonably prevented (Williams, 2009-04-21). Isolated episodes are when organizations or individuals momentarily depart from their usual ethical behaviours and engage in criminal ctivites (Williams, 2009-04-21). In addition, bad apples is a theory of corruption that asserts the problem of an individual engaging in misconduct rather than the department as a whole, which means a lack of responsibility (Williams, 2008; pg 476). Last, voluntary consent is a neutralization for harms inflicted on employees that work in dangerous industries, the harms are neutralized by stating that those employees consented to those risks and conditions however, the company may not have fully disclose all the risks and harms (Williams, 2009-04-21). Corporate crime is systemic owever; its ability to neutralize its criminal activity and characterize it as rare accidents or uncommon wrongdoings allows it to continue without question. In addition to neutralizations, in the rare event that corporate crime is prosecuted, one of the most common ways of differentiated corporate crime from street crime is to point at the lack of Mens Rea which is the criminal intent to inflict harm (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 17). Nevertheless, clear conscious decisions are made when cutting back on workplace safety budgets, quality control funding etc. with the knowledge hat with these decisions human life may be harmed however, because corporations are seen as impersonal, faceless and complex entities which results in a lack of responsibility and therefore the harms are dismissed because there is no definitive way of knowing whether the intent was there. Moreover, because elites have the resources and are finically equipped they invest in hiding these truths. THE FAILURE OF REGULATION Moreover, the neoliberal framework asserts that the market remain deregulated, with that deregulation, corporations continue to engage in criminal activites until hey accumulate imbalances that contribute to finical crisis, the government must then intervene with regulations however, those regulations are quickly removed by corporate influence. History of regulation in Canada was weak from its initial attempt at regulating the market. To start with, Canadas Combines Investigation Act was designed to prevent competition in the market and to do so it criminalized corporate monopolies (companies that dominant specific products or services in the market), mergers and price discrimination. However, the legislation was weak because no rosecutions against corporations were registered, it never received adequate funding or enforcement and each attempt to strengthen it was strongly opposed by the elites (Snider, 2005; pg 173). This act lasted for over 96 years until 1969 when the Interim Report on Competition Policy was created and its policy implications were act it had little political support due to the political pressures from corporations (Snider, 2005; pg 174). For the next 10 years, several versions of the Bill were created and each weaker than the last finally in 1976 attempts at reforming laws that govern he market were abandoned (Snider, 2005; pg 174). In 1984, the Conservative government was elected with the new Prime Minister Brian Mulroney; following the neoliberal doctrine he denounced the anti-American and anti-business stance that the previous Canadian laws attempted to accomplish and created the Competition Act (Snider, 2005; pg 175). This Bill encompassed the neoliberal ideology, it compelled the government to create the conditions necessary for market exchange, it promoted competitiveness and enhanced business prosperity however to do this, mergers, monopolies and price discrimination was decriminalized. On the other hand, influential Criminologist Edwin Sutherland advanced the concept of corporate crime that not only revealed new types of crime but it also threatened to expose the traditional myth of the neutrality of the law (Shover et al. , 2006; pg 78). He pointed to the role of privileged and their power in shaping of the law as well the existence ofa double standard of Justice in the implementation of the law, with regards to benefitting the upper-class and controlling the lower class offenders. This concept raised the basic question about the nature of law and the intentions of the criminal ustice system. Furthermore, the neoliberal framework furthers the prevalence of greed, the systemic nature of corporate corruption, the necessity of regulation and the inherent instability of the capitalist mode of production (Williams, 2008; pg 472) that creates discernable forms of real harm. The neoliberal doctrine pushes for the failure of regulation in market societies which allows corporations to create their own governing through political influence and suitable environments for their malpractices. In addition, the Neoliberal doctrine has provided the means for corporate entities o gain insurmountable powers and influence in the political and economic realm; this allows them to keep the market and their behaviour unregulated and decriminalized. The main reason why their criminal practises remain legal and respected is that these industries have the ability to mobilize financial, political as well as other resources in order to avoid stricter regulation (Passas, 2005; pg 772), Furthermore, the globalization of markets (the dismantling of trade barriers between nations and the integration of economies Oodi, 2008; pg 17)) is another component of he neoliberal framework and it furthers the fragmentation of regulation. The more a corporation grows into new geographic areas, the less subjected it is to control, accountability and supervision. An example of this is the use of child labour in developing countries that export the manufactured goods to developed countries, the same countries that criminalize that practise (Passas, 2005; pg 775). This demonstrates the double standard set by capitalists nation-states whereas the laws that are created to criminalize these practises are only applicable when it is not in he best interest of these corporate entities. In contrast, over regulation and government interference in corporate business practises are claimed to be rendered uncompetitive or unprofitable, so when governments assert some form of regulation, thereby negatively affecting local communities or the whole country (Passas, 2005; pg 777). Corporations threaten governments by downsizing and taking their business elsewhere- to a less regulated state, therefore governments must obey these demands because they have become so dependent on their services, employment, and financial contributions to the economy. Furthermore, the government not only allows them to remain unregulated but corporations also activity participate in defining and legalization their own criminality. Ironically, when policy makers and legislatures, write laws outlawing rape, burglary, armed robbery, larceny and theft they do not consult or negotiate with the criminals who committed those crimes (Kappeler et al. , 2005; pg 160) but when legislatures enact laws in regulating corporations they actively seek input and advice from those they seemingly are setting out to punish thus, decriminalizing corporate Wrongdoings. Also, the laws that have been created to criminalize illegal acts by corporations are made to be so complex and full of loop holes that they are almost impossible to enforce. Decriminalization is the successful reduction of restriction, oversight thereby permitting individuals and organizations to operate with greater latitude (Snider, 2005; pg 83). Decriminalization in relation to corporate crime occurs daily, privileged and powerful interests have been successful in revising the internal revenue code to their advantage, leading to a substantially increased share of the tax burden shifted o the working class citizens (Snider, 2005; pg 85). This close relationship of the state and corporate criminals illustrates the state regulation of traditional crime while punishments for corporate criminals are being eliminated; incarceration rates for traditional blue-collar criminals are doubling. The working class are criminalized because of the inequality and brutalization of low wages and the frequent threat of unemployment. Prison which is seen as the control tool for the working class is both a material deterrent and an ideological weapon (Schlegel et al. 1999; pg 96) of the apitalist state ensuring the suppression of threats from below. The power gained by corporations allows them to strongly influence governments in relation to criminal law and policy making but most importantly making them dependant on corporations for their services. CATERING TO CORPORATE NEEDS Additionally, governments have now become so dependent on corporations for their economies that, employers are considered to be doing governments favour merely by setting up shop (Snider, 2005; pg 171). This means that nations and their subunits compete to offer business the best tax breaks, the highest subsides, the owest minimum wage levels and the least regulation (Passas, 2005; pg 775). The decriminalization of once illegal activites attracted international and fortune 500 companies to set up shop in Canada, shortly after these corporations convinced governments into massive privatization, keeping minimum wage at its lowest form possible with regards to inflation, decertifying unions as well as a variety of other exploitation and harms to the Canadian working class. The organizations that engage in what used to be called corporate crime seem to now be responded by reasoned persuasion, rewards with tax breaks and market incentives. Harsher punishments fill and overfill the prisons of modern capitalist societies (Snider, 2005; pg 174). Contrastingly, in an attempt for the government to appear fair to all its citizens, it has created laws that can be used by the non-capitalist class to protect themselves against the powerful such as: anti-trust monopoly laws, consumer laws, progressive tax and factory safety laws. However there is an immense struggle to have those laws evoked in the working class interest (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 98). Contrary to common assumption that these legal practises and industries are beneficial to society; as llustrated by the government catering to corporate needs, society is actually worse off by allowing certain operations and practises to continue. In a sense, the more these industries flourish the more societies fail for the non-capitalist citizens. Lastly, the neoliberal stronghold that drives elite behaviour has taken grasp of government officials, policy makers and politicians to further their own personal gains. To ensure corporate interests corporations need to obtain access; this is done through social contracts, personal favours, paid lobbyists and monetary contributions . The privileged gain the access needed to ensure their perspectives are known and taken seriously by political leaders and state managers (Shover et al. , 2006; pg 87). Then, these politicians make sure that the public is aware of the contributions and higher quality of life they receive by the presence and services of these industries. Critics say that one of the key reasons to why corporate crime is not pursued; is the all to close relationship between the financial regulators and the finical industry this is because many of the leaders in the securities commissions ome from the financial industry or were lawyers that previously served them (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 15). An example of this close relationship; a real-estate investor saw that a company that he had invested in was committing fraudulent crimes, he decided to report this to the Ontario Securitas Commission (OSC) and a sister company the Investors Dealers Association (IDA) [ a combination of up banks and brokerages]. The realtor realized that the one of the men he was reporting to about the fraudulent crimes was the same man that was committing those crimes nd was a member of the IDA (CBC Sunday Night, 2008- 11-23). It was concluded that the people he was complaining to were the same people that were the problem. Another instance of this relationship is of David Wilson who is now presently head of the Ontario Securitas Commission (OSC); he was previously the chief executive officer of the bank of Nova Scotia (who is guarding your money? ). Presently, Canada has a patch work of 13 regulators, provincially and other self-regulating watchdogs that attempt to regulate the markets of Canada (Biggs et al. , 2003; pg 3). They all regulate ndependently of one another and have different policies on regulation, this shows that there is no serious attempt at regulating the markets of Canada. Arguably, the credit crisis that we are seeing recently in Wall Street had already happened in Canada but did not receive publicity because the securities regulation system in Canada works with the investment industry to cover up its own bad behaviour and fraudulent activities (CBC Sunday Night, 2008- 11-23). According to Bay street analysts, it is estimated that Canadian investors loose $20 billion a year in fraud but are unaware of it (Zedner, 2006; pg 5). Moreover, politicians have been bought by fraudulent activity turns out to be working with those that commit those crimes. In summary, criminal law works, is the message, and harsher criminal law works best. However when it comes to crimes of marketing unsafe products, maintaining unsafe workplaces, defrauding workers, dumping toxic waste, misrepresenting the benefits or not disclosing the risks of products- criminal law does not work. According to Marxism, this is because criminal law is created to protect the interests of the elite and to control the working class from breaking out of the cycle of nequality created by the capitalist neoliberal claims. Breaking out of the cycle or disobeying its elements means committing a crime, criminal law is then a form of social control. Deviance and crime represent conflicts in society which are managed by the suppression of the ruled by the rulers. The public is unaware of the crimes because of the massive lobbying by corporations, elite investment in scientific, sociological and political knowledge claims, neutralizations of corporate incidents, decriminalization of corporate Wrongdoings and the generally invisibility of corporate crime. This then leads the public to believe that corporate crime is not a threat to society or their means of living. Also, the rare incidents that are available to public knowledge are deemed as natural incidents that occur from time to time because of the competitive nature of neoliberal capitalism. Conversely, elites have invested in convincing the public that street crimes are committed by the working class; and are imminent threats to society therefore, need deterrent action in order to maintain the quality of life in capitalist societies. Neoliberal claims further the rowth of corporations allowing them to participate in creating the laws that govern their activites; these claims have swayed politicians, market watch dogs, policy makers and governments. By this governments favour corporate actors because of the economic gains they will obtain for personal interests rather than providing a decent minimum wages, quality working conditions, safe products etc. for the working class. This proves that corporate crimes are a by-product of the neoliberal capitalism framework rather than having specific causes and this claim is an important tool for Criminology in order to understand corporate crime. The neoliberal ideology that has been adapted by elites and politicians ensures that the illegal and criminal acts that corporations commit remain invisible. From this essay, it has been noted that criminal law is used by corporate actors and politicians in order to maintain social order and suppress the working class. However, in a larger context and using the Marxist perception; how have laws and criminal Justice, as forms of social control, been used to contain class struggle and maintain class divisions at different times in different societies? Biggs, C. , Coleman R. (2003). Rules and Prevarications. CMA Management, 7(3) 1-20. CBC Sunday Night. (Nov. 23, 2008) Who is guarding your money? CBC, Toronto. Dean, Jodi (2008). Enjoying Neoliberalism. Cultural Politics 4(1), 47-72. Kappeler, V. , Potter, G. (2005). The Mythology of Crime and Criminal Justice (4th Ed. ). Illinois: Waveland Press Inc. (Course Text) Nadar, Ralph (2004). Legislating Corporate Ethics. Journal of Legislation, 30, 193-204. Passas, Nikos (2005). Lawful but Awful: Legal Corporate Crimes. The Journal of Socio- Economics, 34, 771-786 Schlegel, K. , Weisburd, D. (1999). White-Collar Crimes Reconsidered (Revised Ed). Boston: Northeastern. Shover, N. , Hochstetler, A. (2006). Choosing White-Collar Crime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Snider, Laureen (2000). Sociology of Corporate Crime: An obituary. Theoretical Criminology, 4(2), 169-206. Snider, Laureen (2004). Resisting Neo-Liberalism. Social and Legal Studies, 13(2), 265-289 Williams, James (2008). The Lessons of Enron. Theoretical Criminology, 12(4), 471-499. Williams, James (2009) White-Collar Crime l. Criminology. York University. (Lecture) Zedner, Lucia (2006). Liquid Security: Managing the Market for Crime Control. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(3), 276-288.